Author: Chetan

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Demystifying AI and Machine Learning: Powerful Tools Shaping Our World

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are two buzzwords constantly making headlines. But what exactly do these terms mean, and how are they impacting our daily lives? In this blog post, we’ll unpack the mysteries of AI and ML, exploring what they are, how they differ, and the exciting ways they’re transforming our world.

Understanding AI: The Quest for Intelligent Machines

AI is a broad concept encompassing any technique that enables machines to mimic human intelligence. This includes everything from basic rule-based systems to complex algorithms that can learn and adapt. The ultimate goal of AI is to create intelligent machines capable of performing tasks that traditionally require human cognitive abilities, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and even creativity.

Machine Learning: The Engine Powering AI

Machine learning is a specific approach to achieving AI. It involves training algorithms on large datasets to identify patterns and relationships. These algorithms can then use this knowledge to make predictions or decisions on new data. Unlike traditional programming, where you explicitly tell a computer what to do, machine learning allows the computer to learn for itself.

AI vs. ML: Understanding the Difference

Here’s a simple analogy to understand the distinction between AI and ML: Imagine AI as a vast toolbox containing different tools for achieving intelligence. Machine learning is a powerful tool within that toolbox, allowing machines to learn from data and improve their performance over time. Not all AI applications rely on machine learning, but machine learning is a critical driver of many advanced AI systems.

The Real-World Impact of AI and ML

AI and machine learning are already having a profound impact on our world. From the recommendation algorithms that power your favorite streaming services to the facial recognition software used in your smartphone, these technologies are embedded in many aspects of our lives. Here are just a few examples:

  • Revolutionizing industries: AI and ML are transforming industries like healthcare, finance, and manufacturing by automating tasks, improving efficiency, and generating valuable insights from data.
  • Enhancing our experiences: AI is making our lives more convenient and personalized, from chatbots providing customer service to virtual assistants managing our schedules.
  • Shaping the future: AI has the potential to address some of humanity’s most pressing challenges, such as climate change and disease.

The Future of AI and ML: A World of Possibilities

As AI and machine learning continue to evolve, we can expect even more significant advancements in the years to come. However, it’s important to consider the ethical implications and potential risks associated with these powerful technologies. As we move forward, it’s crucial to ensure responsible development and use of AI and ML to benefit all of humanity.

Stay tuned for future posts!

This blog post is just a starting point for exploring the exciting world of AI and machine learning. In future posts, we’ll delve deeper into specific applications of AI and ML, discuss the ethical considerations, and explore the potential future of these groundbreaking technologies.

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Laravel Application with Admin LTE 2 implementation

Hello, Developers…

Many times we try to find out the best plugin for admin panel which we can use with Laravel. But nothing good is available. Even I was trying same but didn’t found any good solution so I decided to use Admin LTE 2 with Laravel and built the base app which we can use for any of our application as a base app and then later we can add our required module in it.

By using this base application you can do the following things:

  • Authentication.
  • Register new user.
  • User profiles.
  • Create different user types and users.
  • Assign roles to the user as per the user type.
  • Assign module permission.
  • Image upload.
  • Create responsive images in the backend for the user interface.

I am adding this application for the new developer so that they can learn Laravel as well as they can reffer the code base for their learning.

New developers have some specific issues at the initial level like:

How to create the new application in Laravel?

How to write effective code in Laravel and etc.

While creating this app I have taken care of all of this things.

If you need this application email me on my personal email. Will send you the download link.

 

Application Details:

Laravel – V 5.5

Apache –  2.4.27

PHP – 7.0

MySQL – 5.7.19

Here is the Download link.

 

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Dependency injection

Dependency injection is a technique where one object supplies the dependencies of another object. An injection is the passing of a dependency to a dependent object that would use it. Passing the service to the client, rather than allowing a client to build or find the service, is the primitive requirement of the pattern.

This primitive requirement means that using values produced within the class from new or static methods is prohibited. The class should accept values passed in from outside.

The intent behind dependency injection is to decouple objects to the extent that no client code has to be changed simply because an object it depends on needs to be changed to a different one.

Dependency injection is one form of the broader technique of inversion of control. Rather than low level code calling up to high level code, high level code can receive lower level code that it can call down to. This inverts the typical control pattern seen in procedural programming.

Dependency injection supports the dependency inversion principle. The client delegates the responsibility of providing its dependencies to external code (the injector). The client is not allowed to call the injector code. It is the injecting code that constructs the services and calls the client to inject them. This means the client code does not need to know about the injecting code.

There are three common means for a client to accept a dependency injection: setter-, interface and constructor based injection. Setter and constructor injection differ mainly by when they can be used. Interface injection differs in that the dependency is given a chance to control its own injection. All require that separate construction code (the injector) take responsibility for introducing a client and its dependencies to each other.

For example, consider a Car object.

A Car depends on wheels, engine, fuel, battery, etc. to run. Traditionally we define the brand of such dependent objects along with the definition of the Car object.

Without Dependency Injection (DI):

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class Car{
 
  private Wheel wh= new IndianWheel();
 
  private Battery bt= new ExcideBattery();
 
 
  //The rest
}

Here, the Car object is responsible for creating the dependent objects.

What if we want to change the type of its dependent object – say Wheel – after the initial IndianWheel() punctures? We need to recreate the Car object with its new dependency say JapaniWheel(), but only the Car manufacturer can do that.

Then what does the Dependency Injection do us for…?

When using dependency injection, objects are given their dependencies at run time rather than compile time (car manufacturing time). So that we can now change the Wheel whenever we want. Here, the dependency (wheel) can be injected into Car at run time.

After using dependency injection:

Here, we are injecting the dependencies (Wheel and Battery) at runtime. Hence the term : Dependency Injection.

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class Car{
  private Wheel wh= [Inject an Instance of Wheel (dependency of car) at runtime]
  private Battery bt= [Inject an Instance of Battery (dependency of car) at runtime]
  Car(Wheel wh,Battery bt) {
      this.wh = wh;
      this.bt = bt;
  }
  //Or we can have setters
  void setWheel(Wheel wh) {
      this.wh = wh;
  }
}

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Check number is Fibonacci numbers or not

A simple way is to generate Fibonacci numbers until the generated number is greater than or equal to ‘n’. Following is an interesting property about Fibonacci numbers that can also be used to check if a given number is Fibonacci or not.
A number is Fibonacci if and only if one or both of ( 5*n2 + 4 ) or ( 5*n2 – 4 ) is a perfect square (Source: Wiki). Following is a simple program based on this concept.

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<?php
 
$count = 0 ;
$f1 = 0;
$f2 = 1;
 
echo '---- Correct Fibonacci series ----<br/>';
echo $f1." , ";
echo $f2." , ";
 
while ($count < 50 )
{
$f3 = $f2 + $f1 ;
   echo $f3." , ";
$f1 = $f2 ;
$f2 = $f3 ;
$count = $count + 1;
}
 
echo '<br/>---- Fibonacci series array with some wrong elements ----';
$aFabonacySeriesArray = [ 0 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4,  5 , 6 , 8 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 21 , 34 , 55 , 89 , 144 , 233 , 377 , 610 , 987 , 1597 , 2584 , 4181 , 6765 , 10946 , 17711 , 28657 , 46368 , 75025 , 121393 , 196418 , 317811 , 514229 , 832040 , 1346269 , 2178309 , 3524578 , 5702887 , 9227465 , 14930352 , 24157817 , 39088169 , 63245986 , 102334155 , 165580141 , 267914296 , 433494437 , 701408733 , 1134903170 , 1836311903 , 2971215073 , 4807526976 , 7778742049 , 12586269025 , 20365011074 ];
var_dump($aFabonacySeriesArray);
 
// Loop each number and check given number is Fibonacci or not
foreach ( $aFabonacySeriesArray as $key => $value ) {
    echo isFibonacci( $value ) ? ( $value . ' - is a Fibonacci Number <br/>' ) : ( $value . ' - is a not Fibonacci Number <br/>' );
}
 
function isPerfectSquare( $x )
{
    return gmp_perfect_square( ( string ) $x );
}
// Returns true if n is a Fibinacci Number, else false
function isFibonacci( $n )
{
    // n is Fibinacci if one of 5 * $n * $n + 4 or 5 * $n * $n - 4 or both
    // is a perferct square
    return isPerfectSquare( 5 * $n * $n + 4 ) || isPerfectSquare( 5 * $n * $n - 4 );
}
?>

Output –

—- Correct Fibonacci series —-
0 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 13 , 21 , 34 , 55 , 89 , 144 , 233 , 377 , 610 , 987 , 1597 , 2584 , 4181 , 6765 , 10946 , 17711 , 28657 , 46368 , 75025 , 121393 , 196418 , 317811 , 514229 , 832040 , 1346269 , 2178309 , 3524578 , 5702887 , 9227465 , 14930352 , 24157817 , 39088169 , 63245986 , 102334155 , 165580141 , 267914296 , 433494437 , 701408733 , 1134903170 , 1836311903 , 2971215073 , 4807526976 , 7778742049 , 12586269025 , 20365011074 ,
—- Fibonacci series array with some wrong elements —-

array (size=56) 0 => int 0 1 => int 1 2 => int 1 3 => int 2 4 => int 3 5 => int 4 6 => int 5 7 => int 6 8 => int 8 9 => int 12 10 => int 13 11 => int 16 12 => int 21 13 => int 34 14 => int 55 15 => int 89 16 => int 144 17 => int 233 18 => int 377 19 => int 610 20 => int 987 21 => int 1597 22 => int 2584 23 => int 4181 24 => int 6765 25 => int 10946 26 => int 17711 27 => int 28657

0 – is a Fibonacci Number
1 – is a Fibonacci Number
1 – is a Fibonacci Number
2 – is a Fibonacci Number
3 – is a Fibonacci Number
4 – is a not Fibonacci Number
5 – is a Fibonacci Number
6 – is a not Fibonacci Number
8 – is a Fibonacci Number
12 – is a not Fibonacci Number
13 – is a Fibonacci Number
16 – is a not Fibonacci Number
21 – is a Fibonacci Number
34 – is a Fibonacci Number
55 – is a Fibonacci Number
89 – is a Fibonacci Number
144 – is a Fibonacci Number
233 – is a Fibonacci Number
377 – is a Fibonacci Number
610 – is a Fibonacci Number
987 – is a Fibonacci Number
1597 – is a Fibonacci Number
2584 – is a Fibonacci Number
4181 – is a Fibonacci Number
6765 – is a Fibonacci Number
10946 – is a Fibonacci Number
17711 – is a Fibonacci Number
28657 – is a Fibonacci Number

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Constructor

What does Constructor mean?

A constructor is a special method of a class or structure in OOP that initializes an object of that type. A constructor is an instance method that usually has the same name as the class, and can be used to set the values of the members of an object, either to default or to user-defined values.

Constructors are not called explicitly and are invoked only once during their lifetime. In the case of a hierarchy of classes where a derived class inherits from a parent class, the execution sequence of the constructor is a call to the constructor of the parent class first and then that of the derived class.

Constructors cannot be inherited.

A constructor can be declared using any of the access modifiers. It is mandatory to have a constructor with the right access modifier. However, the compiler supplies a default if an access modifier is not defined in the class. If a constructor is declared as private, the class cannot be created or derived and hence cannot be instantiated. Such a constructor, however, can be overloaded with different sets of parameters. 

Constructor design:

  • When using derived class constructors, the parent class constructor should be passed the correct parameters.
  • Better code maintainability comes from having the initialization and other related logic in one main constructor and cross-calling this constructor from other overloaded constructors.
  • Logic involving specific operations that need to be executed at a particular event in an application – such as opening a database connection – should not be written in a constructor.
  • Because a constructor cannot return a value to the calling code, it is a good practice to throw an exception when a failure is encountered.